Teeth calculus growth rate11/18/2023 Further intercellular bacterial adhesion and secretion of the extracellular polysaccharides, e.g., levans, dextrans, form the multilayered bacterial colonies suspended in the polymer matrix. The bacterial adherence to the pellicle is facilitated by the special surface molecules (adhesins) chiefly lectins present on the bacterial cell surface. Proteins and the glycoproteins are the molecules binding to the tooth surface, implants, restorations, etc., These molecules primarily act to promote the adhesion and coaggregation of the oral bacteria. The thin film covering the tooth called as acquired pellicle is derived from the salivary proteins and covers the enamel within seconds after brushing. Saliva provides the major source of nutrients to the bacteria. The formation of the microbial complex called biofilm in the oral cavity is a multistage journey. The review addresses the pathogenesis, factors affecting implant biofilm, and the treatment associated. Biofilms are responsible for their association of about 65% of diseases including peri-implantitis and periodontitis. Microbial attack has been cited as the main cause of the dental implant failure. Bacteria proliferating in the dental plaque form the main etiologic factors for the majority of the dental ailments, e.g., caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, and periimplantitis. The interactions among the various bacterial species residing and growing in the biofilm takes place by metabolic exchange, physical contact, exchange of genetic information, signaling molecule-mediated information.īiofilms formed on the tooth surface is called as dental plaque. These biofilms allow the microorganisms to stick and multiply on the surfaces. Biofilms consist of one or more communities of microorganisms nonrandomly distributed in a glycocalyx. Biofilms are ubiquitous and they form on virtually all surfaces immersed in natural aqueous environment, e.g., water pipes, living tissue, tooth surface, implanted medical devices, dental implants, etc., Biofilm adhesion-mediated infections most commonly seen are on the implanted heart valves, venous catheters, vascular prosthesis, fracture fixation devices, breast implants, intraocular lenses, and dental implants. The articles included in the review comprised of in vivo studies, in vivo (animal and human) studies, abstracts, review articles.īiofilm is described as relatively undefinable microbial community associated with tooth surface or any hard nonshedding material. Hand search across the journals – clinical oral implant research, implant dentistry, journal of dental research, international journal of oral implantology, journal of prosthetic dentistry, perioodntology 2000, journal of periodontology were performed. Search Methodology: Electronic search of the medline was done with the search words: Implants and biofilms/dental biofilm formation/microbiology at implant abutment interface/surface free energy/roughness and implant, periimplantitis/local drug delivery and dental implant. This review discusses the biofilms in relation to the peri-implant region, factors affecting its presence, and the associated treatment to manage this complex microbial colony. Periodontal disease and the peri-implant disease are specific infections that are originating from these resident microbial species when the balance between the host and the microbial pathogenicity gets disrupted. Dental plaque happens to be a diverse community of the microorganisms found on the tooth surface. Mouth provides a congenial environment for the growth of the microorganisms as compared to any other part of the human body by exhibiting an ideal nonshedding surface.
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